History of Israel #7 - Nascita di Al Fatah e dell'Olp Gruppo di guerriglieri di Al Fatha di Andrea Pili
Puntate precedenti
1. Sionismo e furto dei territori palestinesi
2. La grande rivolta araba
3. Terrorismo ebraico
4. The Ethnic Cleansing of Palestine
5. The first Arab-Israeli war
6.1. The second Arab-Israeli war (1st part)
6.2. The second Arab-Israeli War (2nd part)
Marines in Lebanon during the civil war of '58. The years between the Suez Crisis (1956) and the third Arab-sraeliana (1967) have seen many omens of the future post-Nasser, some of them have their echo today. The pan-Arabism rather than move towards a prosperous rise showed many limitations and its struggling prepare the advent of new organizzazioni nazionaliste nel cuore dei profughi palestinesi; queste non più panarabe ma sostenitrici dell'indipendenza della Palestina contro lo stato di Israele.
Nel 1958 il Libano conobbe la sua prima guerra civile la quale rivelò al mondo le profonde contraddizioni all'interno di questo paese e anticipò la tragica guerra civile di vent'anni dopo. Il presidente libanese Camille Chamoun, cristiano, dirige la sua politica in senso filo-occidentale: appoggia la coalizione filosionista nel 1956; un anno dopo aderì alla dottrina Eisenhower secondo cui gli Stati Uniti avrebbero potuto intervenire in Medio Oriente qualora lo avessero ritenuto opportuno. [1] L'orientamento del governo di Beirut fece storcere il naso the pro-Arab nationalist Nasserites, who organize an armed uprising against the supporters of Chamoun. The conflict will be closed soon due to the intervention of the U.S. marines landed in the land of the cedars and in fact imposed the peace by advising Chamoun to resign and allow the election of President Fuad Chebab who chose among the Allies Karami, a Sunni, thus managing to restore order.
Foundation of the United Arab Republic.
In the same year Nasser lived the height of his political career by putting into place the union between Egypt and Syria thereby forming the United Arab Republic, while in Iraq is the Hashemite monarchy deposed by General Kassem, pro-Nasser, establishing a republic. However, Nasser proved unable to manage the union between the two great countries and its centralism Egyptian ended up disappointing the Syrians, whose military (harshly repressed) resulted in a coup in 1961 which put an end forever to the RAU After this political failure Nasser was also a military failure that reveals the defeat of '67: in 1962, in Yemen, the general pro-Egyptian Abdullah Sallah rebelled against the king enslaved the British occupation, Nasser decides to militarily support the sending of troops in general area . The Egyptian military proved unable to fight the royalists supported by Saudi Arabia, Britain and the United States and the prestige of Egypt began to waver between the allied countries.
Symbol of Al Fatah (victory). Meanwhile, new myths are asserted in Arab countries, Algeria became independent in 1962 thanks to the valiant struggle of the Arab revolutionary FLN
[2] headed by Ahmed Ben Bella, progressive, which now seems to override Nasser as a new symbol of the Arab world. Ben Bella is not a pan-Arab and therefore embodies the independence struggle linked to individual Arab territories. This progressive nationalism began to assert itself among the Palestinian refugees in the early '60s. In the wake of what
was born in 1964, the PLO [3] with the support of the Arab League by the Palestinian National Congress meeting in East Jerusalem, the organization brings together political and military movements from different backgrounds but united in aversion to politics the state of Israel which is against an Army of Liberation.
Just six months after (January 1, 1965) came to the armed struggle of Fatah movement claimed that his first act of guerrilla warfare in Israel, now on the infiltration of Palestinian guerrillas in helping Israel will multiply to raise the tension preceding the Six Day War. Fatah was founded in 1959 by Yasser Arafat, Abu Jihad, Abu Iyad and a group of refugees residing in Kuwait with the conviction that, given the failure of the Arab armies-only armed struggle can liberate Palestine Zionist occupation.
Right, the PLO Warning symbol.
Notes [1] A similar method was used in the early twentieth century through the Platt Amendment with Cuba during the administration of Theodore Roosevelt. According to this amendment, the U.S. could intervene militarily in the island if they deem it appropriate to request the opposition to the government. This amendment is justified Monroe doctrine adopted a century earlier: "America for Americans." In this case the doctrine is extended to key global defense of national security. (G. Pili)
[2] National Liberation Front.
[3] Organisation for the Liberation of Palestine.
Bibliography Codovini John, "History of the Arab-Israeli Palestinian
Various Authors," Larousse Encyclopedia Peruzzo, "
Ghassan Kanafani," The Great Arab Revolt (1936-1939) "
Ilan Pappe, "The Ethnic Cleansing of Palestine"
Roberto Gremmi, "Judaism armed" sitography challenge the 1956 Suez in Egypt. We are History.
http://www.newjerseysolidarity.org/resources/roots/chapter11.html
http://english.aljazeera.net/photo_galleries/middleeast/2010831121213978340.html